Life Cycle Cost Model for Life Support Systems of Crewed Autonomous Transport for Deep Space Habitation

Intelligent transport systems are used in various systems, among which a special place is occupied by crewed autonomous such as space stations for deep habitation. These objects have complex and critical requirement life support (LSSs) to maintain safe habitable conditions the crew isolated environment. This paper explores different architectural options specifically focusing on stations. Three alternative LSS architectures discussed: Open (OLSS), Closed (CLSS), Mixed (MLSS). Each architecture has its own advantages disadvantages. OLSS relies external resource delivery, reducing initial costs but increasing dependence resupply missions. CLSS operates autonomously, generating resources onboard, higher technological complexity. MLSS combines delivery onboard generation, providing flexibility adaptability. The material emphasizes importance of cost-effectiveness analysis at early stages design identifies boundary values mission duration that determine most effective choice. highlights significance striking right balance between cost performance develop intelligent ecosystems other systems.